LibGuides: Citation and Style Guides: GSA (Geological Society of America)

GSA Guidelines

In the References Cited section, list all references mentioned in the text, figures, captions, tables, and appendices. List references mentioned in the Data Repository as well, unless the DR item has its own reference section.
Do not cite papers that are unpublished, in preparation, submitted, in review, or in revision. If a reference has not been formally accepted, cite it as a personal communication along with the year of communication.
In the References Cited section, list references alphabetically by author’s surname. For references with two authors, list alphabetically by first author and then alphabetically by second author. For references with more than two authors, list alphabetically by first author and then chronologically, earliest year first.
For references with more than 10 authors, shorten the author list to the first author’s name plus “et al.” If author list includes co-chief scientists, please include all of their names, with the rest of the author names shortened to “et al.” See example in the “Book” section below.
Spell out journal titles and book publishers. Include the city of publication for books.
Include DOI numbers when available.
For website citations, include the month and year the site was accessed in parentheses at the end of the reference.
For translated works, please see the Varnavskiy et al., 1995, example in the “Journal Article” section below.
For references that do not match any of the examples given here, include all information that would help a reader locate the reference.
For more details, see the GSA website at https://www.geosociety.org/documents/gsa/pubs/GSA_RefGuide_Examples.pdf

Journal Article

Arias, O., and Denyer, P., 1991, Estructura geológica de la región

comprendida en las hojas topográficas Abras, Caraigres,

Candelaria y Río Grande, Costa Rica: Revista Geológica de América Central, no. 12, p. 61–74.

Balco, G., Stone, J.O., and Mason, J.A., 2005, Numerical ages for

Plio-Pleistocene glacial sediment sequences by

26Al/10Be dating of quartz in buried paleosols: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 232, p. 179–191,

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.12.013.

Brown, J.R., Beroza, G.C., Ide, S., Ohta, K., and Shelly, D.R.,

2009, Deep low-frequency earthquakes in tremor localize to

the plate interface in multiple subduction zones: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, L19306, doi:10.1029/2009GL040027.

Coogan, L.A., and Hinton, R.W., 2006, Do the trace element

compositions of detrital zircons require Hadean continental crust?: Geology, v. 34, p. 633–636, doi:10.1130/G22737.1.

Newell, A.J., Sennikov, A.G., Benton, M.J., Molostovskaya, I.I.,

Golubev, V.K., Minikh, A.V., and Minikh, M.G., 2010,

Disruption of playa–lacustrine depositional systems at the

Permo-Triassic boundary: Evidence from Vyazniki and

Gorokhovets on the Russian Platform: Journal of the

Geological Society, v. 167, p. 695–716,

doi:10.1144/0016-76492009-103.

Varnavskiy, V.G., Kirillova, G.L., Krapiventseva, V.V., and

Kuznetsov, V.Y., 1995, Deltaic complexes of the sedimentary basins (far northeast)

[translated from Litologo-petrofizicheskiye kriterii neftegazonosnosti: Moscow, Nauka,

1990, p. 127–137]: Petroleum Geology, v. 29, p. 54–66.

Walter, L.M., Bischof, S.A., Patterson, W.P., and Lyons, T.L.,

1993, Dissolution and recrystallization in modern shelf

carbonates: Evidence from pore water and solid phase

chemistry: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, ser. A, v. 344, p. 27–36.

Books

Allmendinger, R.W., Cardozo, N., and Fisher, D., 2011, Structural

Geology Algorithms: Vectors and Tensors in Structural

Geology: New York, Cambridge University Press, 304 p.

Burchfiel, B.C., Chen Zhiliang, Hodges, K.V., Liu Yuping,

Royden, L.H., Deng Changrong, and Xu Jiene, 1992, The

South Tibetan Detachment System, Himalayan Orogen: Extension Contemporaneous with and Parallel to Shortening in

a Collisional Mountain Belt: Geological Society of America Special Paper 269, 41 p.

Coffin, M.F., Frey, F.A., Wallace, P.J., et al., 2000, Proceedings

of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial reports, Volume 183: College Station, Texas, Ocean Drilling Program, CD-ROM.

[Instance above is an exception to GSA style. Include names of co-chief scientists; additional names may be substituted with “et al.”]

Hatcher, R.D., Jr., Carlson, M.P., McBride, J.H., and Martínez

Catalán, J.R., eds., 2007, 4-D Framework of Continental Crust: Geological Society of America Memoir 200, 632 p.

Vogt, P., and Tucholke, B., eds., 1986, The Western North Atlantic

Region: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. M, 696 p., 11 pl.

In Press [Manuscript has been formally accepted, but not published.]

Thomson, O.A., Cavosie, A.J., Moser, D.E., Barker, I.,

Radovan, H.A., and French, B.M., 2014, Preservation of detrital shocked minerals derived from the 1.85 Ga Sudbury impact structure in modern alluvium and Holocene glacial deposits: Geological Society of America Bulletin, doi:10.1130/B30958.1 (in press).

[Include DOI number if available.]

Chapter in a Book/Paper in a Multiauthor Volume

Elburg, M.A., Smet, I., and De Pelsmaeker, E., 2014, Influence of

source materials and fractionating assemblage on magmatism along the Aegean Arc, and implications for crustal growth, in Gómez-Tuena, A., Straub, S.M., and Zellmer, G.F., eds., Orogenic Andesites and Crustal Growth: Geological Society, London, Special Publication 385, p. 137–160, doi:10.1144/SP385.1.

Sawyer, D.S., Buffler, R.T., and Pilger, R.H., 1991, The crust

under the Gulf of Mexico basin, in Salvador, A., ed., The Gulf of Mexico Basin: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. J, p. 53–72.

Shipboard Scientific Party, 1987, Site 612, in Poag, C.W., Watts,

A.B., et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project,

Volume 95: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 31–153.

Taylor, J.C.M., 1990, Upper Permian—Zechstein, in Glennie, K.W.,

ed., Introduction to the Petroleum Geology of the North Sea (third edition): Oxford, UK, Blackwell, p. 153–190.

Abstract

Fitzgerald, P.G., 1989, Uplift and formation of Transantarctic

Mountains: Applications of apatite fission track analysis to

tectonic problems: International Geological Congress, 28th, Washington, D.C., Abstracts, v. 1, p. 491.

LeMasurier, W.E., and Landis, C.A., 1991, Plume related uplift

measured by fault displacement of the West Antarctic erosion surface, Marie Byrd Land [abs.]: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 72, p. 501. [Previous format for AGU abstracts. See Reusch et al., 2013, for new format.]

McKinnon, W.B., and Schenk, P. M., 2000, Chaos on Io: A model

for formation of mountain blocks by crustal heating, melting, and tilting: Houston, Texas, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar and Planetary Science XXXI, CD-ROM, abstract 2079.

Reusch, D.B., Karmosky, C.C., Lampkin, D.J., and Schneider,

D.P., 2013, Will a warmer west Antarctic also bring a wetter

ice sheet?: Abstract C21E-07 presented at 2013 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, California, 9–13 December.

Sears, J.W., 2012, Making Nuna and breaking Rodinia: Implications

of Siberia-Laurentia connections for supercontinent cycles: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 44, no. 7, p. 378.